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JOSEPH HENRY RILEY (husband of 3rd cousin 1x removed)
Joseph married my 3rd cousin once removed Annie Elizabeth Roberts on 3rd October 1906 in Lowell Middlesex County Massachusetts.
in 1938 Newspapers reported:
Federals arraign Joseph H Riley as result of raid
Flow of illegal licquor throughout the Lowell area as directed by former police department chief came to light today by federal agents with the arrest of Joseph H Riley of Tyngsboro who one time headed the law and order forces of that community.
The arrest came as a result of a raid in Tyngsboro on July 2nd during which a huge still was seized by federal agents. The agents came across the plant hidden in the woods near Rileys Grove. The plant was hidden in a shack cleverly concealed with brush and trees.
Riley was arraigned along with others on a 1000 dollar bond
RICHARD ISHAM (husband of 2nd cousin 2x removed)
Richard was born in 1843 Brackley Northamptonshire.
On 10 April 1861 he appeared in court charged with Larceny (Theft) he was sentenced to 1 month Jail.
reported as follows
At the general quarter sessions of the peace holder of Northampton in and for the County of Northampton on Wednesday 10th April 1861 before the honourable F W C Villiers Chairman and John Yorke Esq Second Chairman. The undermentioned persons were tried and convicted of as follows:
Richard Isham 1 month - Convicted of felony and severally ordered to be imprisoned and kept to hard labour in the house of correction for the term set
The words ' Hard Labour' describes the punishment exactly. Prisoners were often used as the main work force in quarrying, building roads or labouring on the docks. Criminals could be sentenced for just a few days, weeks or even years. Prisoners were also set to hard labour within the prisons themselves.
All longer term sentences usually carried a term of hard labour and it also formed a part of the transportation sentence. In the early 19th century, children were often sent to work alongside adults.
As an element of segregation became part of a prison sentence, for both petty and serious crimes, hard labour was often carried out in a prisoner's cell or under guard in silence.
Most prisons had a treadmill or tread wheel installed, where the prisoner simply walked the wheel. In some prisons, such as Bedford in the earlier part of the 19th century, the treadmill provided flour to make money for the gaol, from which the prisoners earned enough to pay for their keep. However, in later times, there was no end product and the treadmill was walked just for punishment. It became loathed by the prisoners.
Another equally pointless device was the Crank. This was a large handle, in their cell, that a prisoner would have to turn, thousands of times a day. This could be tightened by the warders, making it harder to turn, which resulted in their nickname of 'screws'. These punishments were not abolished until 1898.
Treadmill
